Atomizer.



No. 630,320. Patented Aug. 3, I899.

c'. 0. a E. E. BILLOW.

ATOMIZEB.

7 [Application filed June 28, 1898.] (N B 4 Sheets$het 'l.

\ Q// w i h /1 WITNESSES= 0 lN VEN-TOR W- WI- VI L 71m "W,

ATTORNEY.

THE mums vsrzas cu. Puma-um" WASNINGTON. n c,

No. 630,320. Patented Aug. 8, I899.

c. 0. &. E.-E. BILLOW.

ATOIIIZER.

(Application filed June 28, 1898.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

m: warns Pz'rzns (D-.PHOTO-LITMQ. msumumu. a. c,

No. 630,320. Patented Aug. 8, I899;

' C. 0. &. E. E. BILLOW.

ATO HI I Z E R.

Application filed June 28, 1898.)

1} Shets$heet 3.

(No Model.)

ATTORNEY.

TNE norms Ps'rzns ca. PHOYO-LIYHO wxsnmmon. o, c.

No. 630,320. Patented Aug. '8, I899.

c. o. & E.- E. BILLOW.

AT 0" I Z E B Ap lication filed June 23, 1898.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEY.

UNrrnn STATES PATENT Qrrt ca.

CLAYTON O. BILLOlV AND ELMER E. BILLOW, OF CHICAGO, ILIJINOIS.

ATQMIZER.

SPECIFICATION forming pafrtof Lettersl atent No. 630,320, dated. August 8, 1899.

Application filed June 28, 1898. Serial No. 684,653. (No model.) I

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CLAYTON O. BtLLoW and ELMER E. BILLOW, citizens of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Atomizers, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to improvements in atomizers for liquid fuel, such as a combination of hydrocarbon oil and steam or such oil and air. 1 A

We have several distinct objects in view, which are accomplished by this invention. Among these objects are, first, the uniform supply of air or steam through theatomizer and the variable yet regulated quantity of air to support combustion supplied through a suitable air-admitter; second, the provision of means, located in a hollow heated part of the furnace or fire-box where the fuel is being burned, for heating the oil preparatory to its introduction into the atomizer proper, and, third, the inclusion or union of all these objects and the means to carry them into effect in one complete apparatus.

Besides the above objects, separately and collectively considered in one apparatus, we have other and further objects inview and the means for carrying them into effect, as will be hereinafter fully pointed out, and particularly stated in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a art of this specification, and on which like reference letters and numerals indicate corresponding parts, Figure l is a plan View of our atomizer en tire and ahorizontal sectional view of a front wall of a boilerv or other furnace, showing the apparatus applied and ready for use. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view in plan, showing the same features save and excepting the air-admitter; Fig. 3, a detail diagram of the opening through which the oil is admitted to the atomizer proper; Fig. 4, a detail cross-sectional view of the oil cut-off, showing the form of the oil-openin gin cross-section; Fig. 5, a detail elevation of the form of helical steam or air director selected for illustration; Fig. 6, a vertical sectional viewof the atomizer proper along the central or axial line, with the steam valve and pipe in side elevation and t he front furnace-wall in vertical section;

Fig. 7, a detail sectional view of a part of the atomizer-nozzle, the oil-tube, its deflecting cut-off tip, and the casing for such tube, being a modification of what is shown in the other figures; Fig. 8, a transverse sectional view, on the line a: a: of Fig. 6, of the atomizer-globe; Fig. 9, a detaill plan view of the oil cut-off, showing particularly the peculiarshaped oil-orifice; Fig. 10, a vertical sectional View through the circular part of the oilheater; Fig. 11, a horizontal sectional view thereof on the line y y of Fig. 10; Fig. 12, an enlarged detail vertical sectional view, on the line y y, looking in the direction of the arrows, of that part of the oil-heater where the oil enters and discharges; Fig. 13, a horizontal sectional view of the atomizer in a modified form, in which the oil cut-0E is reciprocating instead of rotary and in which the valve is located between the inner end of the nozzle and the globe of the atomizer; ,Fig. 14, a detail plan viewof such reciprocating cutoff, showing the oil-orifice in the globe,'in diagram form, over the cut-off; Fig.- 15, an elevation or face view of the air-admitter with a small portion broken away to facilitate illustration; Fig.16, a partial. vertical sectional view and side elevation of such air-admitter.

In Fig. 1 wehave illustrated our entire apparatusassembled. In this figure a boileror other fire-boxA is indicated behind the front wall B of masonry, in which we show embedded the circular portion of our oil-heater, which consists of a hollow ring C, having removable core-plugs D at intervals to facilitate in its manufacture. (See Fig. 10.) This ring is supplied with oil through an inlet-pipe E, which at one end fits within a partition F, formed to constitute a stufling-box G. This partition occupies an oblique position, as seen in Fig. 12, so that the inflowing oil in entering from the inlet-pipe E passes in one direction through the heater, so that such oil having made a circuit through the heater can pass out from the other side of such partition and into the outlet-pipe I-I.

Diametrically opposite to the pipe H is a similar pipe I, which, however, is dead, not being in communication with the interior of the hollow ring, but merely being connected to the ring, as shown. The function of this pipe I corresponds with one of the functions of the pipe l-L-namely, to support the oilsupply and air or steam supply valve casings J and K, respectivelyeach casing having its valve proper, L and M, respectively, to control the one the admission of oil to the inletpipe E and the other the admission of air-or steam to the atomizer proper. r

The pipes O and P, being the oil and air or steam pipes, respectively, also act as imme- "diate supports for the atomizer, and being screwed into the respective casings 'J and K and rotatably coupled with the atomizer they permit the latter to be vibrated or partially rotated, so as to direct it straight into the furnace or more or less toward the crown or toward the bottom. Theform of connection between such pipes and the atomizer is particularly shown in Fig. 2, in which collars R screw upon the atomizer and fit over enlargein'ents S on the pipes, so as to draw the parts tightly together and yet permit rotaryplay.

Referring again to Fig. 1, it will be seen that We secure, by means of bolts T or other convenient means, what we term our fairadmittcrto the outer front of the furnacewall. The function of this air-admi-tter is to enable us to regulate the supply of air admitted to support combustion, the air admittedinto the atomizer, as already indicated, being merely to act and assist in the operation of spraying. A This air-admitter is preferably cone shaped,with the apex removed or flattened down, and consists, as more clearly seen in Figs. 15 and 16, of an inner shell U' i and an outer shell V. The two shells fit 'sn ugly together, and the outer one is rotatable on the inner and both are provided with openings W, which when they register admit the full supply of air and when they partially register admit decreased quantities of airand which when the outer shell is turned to one extreme are closed, so as to exclude the air altogether, if such should be desired.- To

retain the shell V in place, an annulus X is secured to the flange Y of the inner shell by screws or bolts Z, and this annulus extends over the, adjacent edge of the outer shell, so

as to hold it from displacement. The outer shell is also flanged, as shown at V, the flange extending under the annulus Xand being cut out, as shownin Fig. 15, so that the resulting ends V may be adjusted to the projection'V on the annulus X. Thus a-stop is formed for limiting the rotary adjustment of the-outer shell. The inner shell is provided with a screw-threaded opening, as shown at U, to receive a corresponding thread on the exterior of the atomizer, the outer shall having a coincidentopening 1' also for the atomizer to pass through. Thus it will be seen that we have illustrated in Fig. 1 what we term the complete apparatus, composed of the three general featuresna mely, the oilheater, the air-ad-initter, and the atomizer proper.

Referring now to the atomizer proper,that is, the specific part of the apparatus, which is the atomizer per se-it will be seen that it consists of a globe orcentral body a. This globe receives air for atomizing purposes through the valve M and pipe P before de "scribed and receives steam when air is not used either through these same devices or through the steam-supply valve b and pipe 0. (Shown in Figs. 1 and 6.) Ashield or guard d occupies an interior position in the globe a and diverts-the air or steam, as the case may be, from the globe and toward the nozzle e, which is secured to it either as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 6, in which itis screwed upon an extension'of the globe, or as shown in Fig. 13,

in which it is screwed into an extension of the globe, the latter being a modification. In this form also a packing-collar f is used, because the nozzle is at timesto be adjusted by rotating it on its. threaded connection with the globe for the purpose of removing the valve-seat g on the inner end of the nozzle from contact with the valve h, so as to permit air or steam, as the case may be, to pass into the nozzle from the globe. A wrenchsurface 71 is provided on the nozzle to enable.

it to be so turned when adjusted. An oilpassage j in the globe at terminates in a circular shell is, which shell is tapering in the preferred form, but parallel or cylindrical in the modified form. A diamond-shaped oilorifice Z is formed in this shell, while within "the shell is mounted acut-off m in the preferred form and 0 in the modified form. These cut-offs have each an oil-orifice, the preferred form being inthe shape of a wholediamond, as shown at p, and the modified form in the shape of a half-diamond, as shown at g. In the preferred form the cut-0E is rotatable, so as to present more or less of its diamondshaped oil-orifice over the like-shaped orifice in the surrounding shell, wherebydiiferent quantities of oil may be admitted.- In the modified form the cut-off is reciprocal, whereby more or less of its half-diamond-shaped orifice or cut-away part is presented over the diamond-shaped orifice of the shell. In either form the entire area of oil-orifice open for the passageof oilat any one time is concentrated as distinguished from what would be the case if a mere long straight or circular slit were depended upon for the admission of the oil, such slit or space being illustrated in the valve-casing J, closed by the valve L. By concentrating this area small solid-particles floating in the oil can pass through, while at the same time the opening is sufiiciently attenuated to prevent too much oilfrom passing. With an opening of the same area,which would admit the same quantity of oil, of the slit or long narrow type such foreign particles would not pass, but would gradually clog up such long opening, so that we have a distinct advantage derived from this concentration of the area of the oil-orifice by reason of these peculiar shapes. Again, there is a shearing action between the cut-ofi andthe shell in either our preferred or modified form, which shearing action is utilized to-cut into any foreign floating matter which after use accumulates or catches in the matching oilorifices.

Referring to the means for adjusting the cut-off m, it will be seen that such cut-off has a tubular portion or extension 1", on which is mounted an adjusting-wheel s, a set-screw t being'used to bind the wheel to the extension. his wheel has worm-gear teeth to on one face, which are actuated by a worm 12, whose shaft is mounted in bearings w, supported by a standard or on a band y, fitted tightly upon a sleeve 2, whose flange z is fitted against an extension of the globe a andheld from rotating by interlocking pins 2'. To prevent the possibility of leakage, a packing-collar 2 is screwed upon this extension of the globe and fitted over the flange .2. Packing material 3 is placed within the extension and next to the flange and against the extension 7' of the cutoff. 1 A further packing-collar 4: is screwed upon the tubular part of the packing-collar 2 and carries packing 5, which crowds against the sleeve 5 to further arrest any slight leakage that may escape past the packing 3 and along between the flange z and the collar 2. A still further safeguard against possible leakage is provided through the packing-collar 6, which screws upon the extreme end of the extension 4" of the cut-off and carries a packing 7. This has a packing between the cut-off extension and the oil-tube, to which reference will be made presently. By manipulating the hand-wheel of the worm o the slightest possible adjustment of the cut-off is effected and the area of oil-orifice determined with the greatest nicety, while at the same time the cut-off remains lockedthroughthe instru mentality of these adjusting means.

Referring to the modified form, it will be seen that the cut-0E 0 is adjusted lengthwise 0r reciprocally. This is done by threading its extension 0' into engagement with a rotatable sleeve 10', which when rotated reciprocates the cutoff in one direction or the other.- A handwheel q is attached to this rotatable sleeve, while the sleeve itself is held against the end of the globe extension by a packing-collar '0', having a packing s. A further packing-collar t on the end of this rotatable sleeve pack-s the joint between such sleeve and the oil-tube to be presently referred-to. This tube and the remainder of the features in the modified form are also shown in the main form, so that special reference to the modified form will at this point terminate.

Between the rotatable cut-off m and the flange .2 and within the adjacent globe extension we place a cup 8, shouldered against the interior extension shown at 10 and held thereto by the solidity of the packing This cup forms, in effect, a removable shoulder or stop for the cut-01f of a positive nature to prevent the cut-off from being drawn rearward by the action of the oil-tube drawing on the cut-off extension o as would be the case in the absence of the cup 8 should the oil-tube be r0 tated after its head or tip comes against the shoulder in the casing of that tube, as will hereinafter appear. Within this cup 8 is a helical spring 11, which keeps the cut-off normally seated.

l/Ve refer now to what is termed the oiltube, being the long tube 12, which is of two exterior diameters, the larger part 13 having a hand-wheel let and being closed by a gasket 15 and a screwcap 16 and being screwthreaded, as shown at 17, to engage with a like thread on the interior of the cut-off extension r, by which means the oil-tube is lengthwise adjusted, so as to more or less or entirely throttle the air or steam, as the case may be, from escaping from the nozzle and so as to vary the effective opening by presenting the tube-head 18 more or less close to or removed from the orifice 19 of the nozzle. his oil-tube has a, series of orifices 20,10- cated within a chamber 21 of the cut-off, so as to receive the oil' which enters therein. This oil it conducts to and through its head 18. This part of the oil-tube is within a tubular casing 22, which at one end is screwed into the closed end of the shell is and at the other end is reamed out to receive the head 18, while along its intermediate portion it is interiorly enlarged, as shown at 23, so as to leavelan air-space between it and the oil-tube, which prevents so much heat-being conducted from the steam to the oil-tube, as would otherwise be the case, or vice versa. This casthe tube where the head 18 works in the casing.

Referring to the function of the cup 8, it will now be seen that if the oil-tube is turned after its head 18 seats against the casing 22 it would draw the cut-01f rearward but for the stop-like effect of the cup 8.

In Fig. 7 we have illustrated a modification in the form of the oil-tube head 18, the same being in this form enlarged to constitute a sphere 24. This sphere extends nearer to the interior walls of the nozzle, and hence widens out the spray of oil and air or oil and steam to a greater extent. At this point we would call attention to two peculiarities in our nozzle. One is that the interior of the discharging end is of a contour agreeing with the arc of a circle-say about half a circleas seen at 25. The other is that the discharge-orifice is flared in both directions from a line 26, such line being distant from the inner wall about one-third the thickness of the nozzle in the discharging-orifice. This is to make the inner flare of the orifice short and the outer flare longer and to facilitate in widening or enlarging the resulting or issuing spray. The result of the circular contour, as shown at 25, is to cause air or steam to act to cut off the oil and prevent it from "flowing from the oiltube whenever the pressure of the air or the steam exceeds too much that of the oil-say an excess of pressure of twenty per cent. This makes an automatic cut-off when the "steam or air pressure gets too high-a condiing also forms a bearing for the extension of tion likely to occur with steam particularly at which fuel should be automatically cut off. This peculiar contour of the nozzle adjacent to the discharging end of important result. i

The head 18 can be adjusted to and from the nozzle-orifice to vary the quantity of steam or ferred form of cut-off, it will be seen from Figs. 2 and 4 that such opening is widened from the outside of the cut-off inward to its chamber 21, as shown by the lines 21. The obj-cot is. to free the oil of any foreign matter which may work through the smallest part of the orifice.

Referring to the interior of the nozzle, it will be seen that. we have arranged therein a series of helical blades or wings 26, which are on the casing 22, as shown more clearly in Fig. 5, though if they were otherwise supported they would come Within our contemplation, as the essential thing is that these helicalwingsor bladesshall lie along the interior of the nozzle, so as to give the passin-g steam or air, which is under pressure, a

twisting or revolving direction or effect, which we. find advantageous.

It. will be seen that the head 18 on the oiltube when it seatsagainst the casing 22 will prevent the oil-tube from being unscrewed too far or pulled out, as it acts as a'stop to limit theoutward. screwing of the tube, it being understood that. the. head 18 is screwed onto. said tube sufiiciently tight toprevent its unscrewing therefrom when turning the tube with the handwheel 14:. v

Referring also to the worm and wormgear adjustment of the rotatable cut-off and to the direct screw cut-off of the reciprocal cut-off, it will be understood that in each case the adjustmentis underfull and perfect control and that its precision and nicety are almost equal,

if not quite equal, to a micrometer-movement.

Thus it will be seen that with our atomizer manyimportant functions and operations are provided for and accomplished and that the apparatus also embodies numerous features of detail which render it highly eflicient in practice and capable of meeting the varied and delicate conditions of actual use in this class of devices. It will be seen and understood, too, that our atomizer may be used in its threefold form, as shown in Fig. 1, in which there is the oil-heater, and the air-admitter, or that it may be used in its twofold form, as shown in Fig. 2, in which there is shown the oil-heater and the atomizer proper, or that it may be used in its single form, as shown in Fig. 6, in which only the atomizer proper is illustrated as applied to a furnace. Accordingly we wish tobe untime it is highly desirable that the the oil-tube produces this let.

the atomizer-proper,

other the derstood as intending to use,

circumstances controlling as to these matters. While in referring to the throttling efiect of the oil-tube by adjusting it toward and j against the inner end of the nozzle-orifice it is obvious that so long as the oil-tube and nozzle-orifice are thus. relativelyadjusted the f throttling would be thus efiected, and it-would 1 be within our invention even though such adjustment were not brought about by moving the tube itself. Referring again to the oil-orifice in the pre- It is further to be understood that-the air and steam may be alternately introduced into the globe or body through the same passagenamely, the one to which the pipe 'P leads I and this is what is referred to in speaking of the globe or body having an air orv steam in- Addition-ally, we show a separate steamin'troducing means in Fig. 6, which when incorporated into the device is intended to save disconnecting the cock M from the air-pressure. supply, the air being merely cut olf by thevalve M, while the steam is let in by the valve 12. The oil-tube 12 and, 13 having a hole clear through itv enables it to be cleaned by simply removing the screw-cap 16.

Having thus fully described ourinvention, what. we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. In an oil-atomizer, an oil-heater consisting of a hollow ring. having an oblique partition, an inlet-pipe to discharge oil on one side of the partition and an outlet-pipe to re ceive oil from the other side of the partition, said latter pipe constituting a support, and an oil-cock supported by one support and an air or steam cock supported by the other, and an atomizer proper, substantially asset forth, supported by said supports, and receiving oil through said oil-cock, and steam or air through said air or steam cock.

2. In an oil-atomizer, the combination with an oil-heater composed of a hollow ring adapt ed to receive heat from a furnace and having an oblique partition, an inlet-pipe to supply oil one side of the partition and a discharge and supporting pipe to receive oil from the other side of the partition and another s.upporting-pipe, an oil-cock and an air or steam cock supported by said supporting-pipes, an oil-pipe extending from the oil-cock and an air or steam pipe extending from that cock, and an atomizer proper rotatably connected to said pipes, whereby its nozzle may be directed to different parts of the fire-box.

3. In an oil-atomizer, an atomizer proper consisting of a globe or body adapted to receix e air or steam and having an oil-passage andan interior shell with an oil-orifice, a cutoff in the shell having a similar orifice and means to adjust the cut-off, an oil-tube adapted .to receive oil from the cut-off and extending in both directions from the cut-ofi, one end forming a discharge for the oil and the manipulating end, and a nozzle soas in fact we do, our apparatus in either or all of these forms .or assemblages, particular applications and cured to the globe or body, enveloping the oil-tube and adapted to receive the air or steam, said nozzle having a discharge-orifice opposite the oil-tube and said tube being longitudinally adjustable, whereby the oil is controlled by manipulating the cut-0E and the air or steam is controlled at the dischargeorifice by manipulating the oil-tube.

4. In an oil-atomizer, an atomizer proper consisting of a globe or body having an air or steam inlet, an oil-passage and an interior shell having a diamond-shaped oil-orifice, a cut-off in the shell, having a similar orifice, and an extension with means to operate the cut-off through the extension, an oil-tube receiving oil from the cut-0E and extending in both directions, one end to longitudinally adjust the tube and the other end to discharge the oil, and a nozzle to receive air or steam and secured to the globe or body and envelopingthe oil-tube and having a discharge-orifice opposite the end of the tube, whereby oil is admitted through a concentrated area and is controlled, and whereby steam or air is controlled or throttled at the point of discharge.

5. In an oil-atomizer, an atomizer proper consisting of a globe or body having an air or steam inlet, an oil-passage and an interior shell with a diamond-shaped orifice, a cut-off in the shell having a similar orifice, and an extension, and means to adjust the cut-off through the extension, an oil-tube receiving oil from the cut-off and extending thence in both directions, one end for longitudinally adjusting said tube and the other end for discharging the oil, a nozzle to receive air or steam from the globe or body and secured thereto and having a discharge-orifice opposite the end of the oil-tube, and a series of helical wings within the nozzle and mounted upon said oil-tube, whereby oil is admitted in regulated quantities, whereby the air or steam is controlled or throttled at the point of discharge and whereby the air or steam is given a helical or twisting direction.

6. In an oil-atomizer, an atomizer proper consisting of a globe or body having an air or steam inlet, an oil-passage, an interior shell with a diamond-shaped orifice, a rotatable plug in the shell having a similar orifice and an extension carrying an adjusting-wheel, an oil-tube extending through the cut-off and receiving oil from it, one end of the tube having means to rotate it, a portion of the tube having a screw-threaded connection with the interior of the cut-off extension and the other end of the tube having a tip or head, a nozzle to receive air or steam from the globe or body, secured thereto and enveloping the oiltube and having a discharge-orifice opposite said tip or head, said cut-off and oil-tube manipulating devices being in close proximity, whereby the operator may regulate the quantity of oil admitted and may control or throttle the steam or air at the point of discharge by manipulating the oil-tube.

receive heat from a furnace,

7. In an oil-atomizer, an atomizer proper consisting of a globe or body having an air or steam inlet, an oil-passage, and an interior shell with a diamond-shaped orifice, a rotatable cut-off having a sion and a worm-operated adjusting-wheel on the extension, an oil-tube having a screwthreaded connection with the interior of said extension and extending through the cut-off with perforations to receive oil from it, a throttling-tip on one end of the tube and a hand device on the other, and a nozzle, to receive air or steam from the globe or body secured thereto and having a discharge-orifice opposite said tip, all for the purpose described.

8. In an oil-atomizer, anatomizer proper having a globe or body with an oil-passage and an interior shell having an oil-orifice, a cut-oif mounted in the shell and also having an orifice, an extension from the cut-off carrying an adjusting Worm gear-wheel, a sleeve over the extension having a fiangesecured to the globe or body, a collar screwed to the latter and extending over the former and a packing-collar screwed to said collar, a bearingstandard secured to said sleeve and a worm mounted in the bearing and meshing with said worm gear-wheel, an oil-tube extending through the cutoif and having a threaded connection with the interior of the cut-0E extension and a hand-wheel to screw the tube back and forth in the extension, and a packing-collar on the cut-off extension and binding the tube.

9. In an oil-atomizer, an atomizer proper having a cut-0E with an oil-orifice approximating diamond shape, the walls of the opening being beveled or inclined to one another so as to make the opening wider in the interior than on the exterior of the cut-off.

10. In an oil-atomizer, an atomizer proper having a globe or body, and an interior shell, a cut-off therein, means to close one end of the globe or body, a cup between said closed end and said cut-off and a spring within the cup and between one end of it and the cutofi.

11. In an oil-atomizer, the combination with an oil-heater, a part of which is adapted to an oil-cock and an air or steam cock supported by said oilheater, and an atomizer proper connected with said cocks.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

CLAYTON O. BILLOW. ELMER E. BILLOW.

Witnesses as to signature of Clayton O. Billow:

H. B. STIGER, SAML. G. NEILER.

Witnesses as to signature of Elmer low:

WILLIAM J. I-IIGGS, FLORENCE I. DOYLE.

E. Billike orifice, an exten- 

